Saturday, June 8, 2013

IV) A Song of Ice and Fire: A brief history of religions and cultures of Westeros


Religion is an important element of the world in A Song of Ice and Fire and define the different cultures present in the main continent of Westeros and the eastern Essos. The religions are also a good way to learn and understand the legacy of the cultures and ethnic groups from which the populations are descending from. I will first talk about Westeros and then about Essos which will be a good way to introduce this eastern continent.


Westeros


The first inhabitants were the Children of the Forest. This non-human and magical race is now extinct but they are the natives of Westeros. Some 12,000 years before Aegon's Landing, the First Men came from across the Narrow Sea ( the sea that separates Westeros and Essos ). The First Men brought with them steel, bronze and iron weapons and tools and soon started to cut down the trees of Westeros. The Children's way of life was close to nature, they lived in the woods, believed in the trees and this invasion of men quickly became a threat to their existence. It is said that the Children tried to stop the First Men with their magic by flooding the swampy region of the Neck ( among other examples ) but in vain and it finally ended in a war.

The Children of the Forest and the First Men reached terms of coexistence where the Children kept their forests. For thousand of years the two races lived in peace until the War of the Dawn where the Others tried to invade Westeros ( see my previous article ). They fought side by side against these demons and eventually won the war thus the bonds between the Children and the First Men grew stronger. It is during this peaceful coexistence that the Children of the Forest taught their neighbours their faith in the “ Old Gods “, the gods of trees, rivers, mountains and nature.

The Old Gods have no names, no representations. There are not worshipped in churches nor in temples but with a Weirwood. The Weirwoods have blood-red leaves and a white trunk with ( for most of them ) a face carved in it by the Children or the First Men and their descendants. The sap is as red as the leaves and when it weeps from the weirwood's eyes, it looks like the tree bleeds.

The faith of the Old Gods is the predominant religion in the North and most Northerners are direct descendants of the First Men like House Stark who is one of the oldest family of Westeros.

While the Children of the Forest and the First Men lived together in a relative harmony, the natives slowly started to prepare their retreat from the world. The brothers of the Night's Watch reported that they went in the harsh lands of beyond the wall and were given obsidian daggers to help protect the world should a new Others' invasion happen.

6,000 years after the arrival of the First Men in Westeros, a new human invasion threatened the First Men's Kingdoms and the remaining Children of the Forest, the Andals. Following King Hugor of the Hill after a divine apparition, the Andals left Essos and set foot in the Vale. They brought with them the Faith of the Seven and started several centuries of bloodshed against the First Men and the Children. The Andals chopped down most of the weirwoods and slaughtered the Old Gods followers. They eventually conquered Westeros except the North.
The Andals' culture ( language, writing ) spread across all Westeros and is now the main ethnic group in all Westeros ( with the exceptions of the North, the Iron Islands and Dorne ).

During the Andal invasion, the Children of the Forest disappeared and broke all relations with humans, they have not been seen for thousands of years.
The Faith of the Seven has become the principal belief in Westeros. The followers built temples dedicated to the Seven called septry and the clergymen ( and women ) are the septons and septas. An order of Silent Sisters is charged to prepare the dead for their funerals. They are bound to serve the Stranger and have taken a vow of eternal silence and chastity. The warriors of the Faith of the Seven created the tradition of knighthood.
The Seven are in fact of single god but with seven faces, three males, three females and the last who is neither male nor female. The faces are the Father Above ( justice ), the Warrior ( courage, victory in battle ), the Smith ( strength at work ), the Mother Above ( love, fertility, compassion ), the Maiden ( virtue, innocence ), the Crone ( wisdom ) and finally the Stranger who is death and the unknown.
The head of the faith is the High Septon and is elected by the Most Devout ( a council of septons and septas ). Several military companies also exist.

When they invaded Westeros, the First Men also conquered the Iron Islands. These settlers created their own religion, the Drowned God. The Ironmen ( also called Ironborn ) are a harsh and violent people and so is their god. In their belief, the Ironmen live for plunder and piracy and remain close to the sea. When one of them die, it is said that he has been called by He Who Dwells Beneath the Waves ( the Drowned God ) to feast with mermaids in the underwater halls. Though they do not worship him, the Ironmen also believe in the existence of the Storm God, the Drowned God's eternal foe who are at war since forever. The baptism in the Iron Islands is a ritual of drowning and then resurrection leaded by the Drowned Men ( priests ). Since Aegon's Landing, the Ironmen are subjects of the Iron Throne and must live in the King's Justice which mean that they had to give up the “ Old Way “. The Old Way is their tradition of plunder and piracy. They used to captured the women of the green lands to take them as “ Salt wives “ ( concubines ) and the men as slaves. The Old Way is not authorized inside the Iron Throne Kingdom but the Ironmen can keep their traditions elsewhere ( which mean they can raid the lands of Essos for example ).


The Drowned God is a deity disliked outside the Iron Islands but the Old Gods and the Faith of the Seven followers managed to put aside their religious differences and it is no more a source of tension in Westeros. In the North, where the majority of the people believe in the Old Gods, you can find many septs for the Faith of the Seven as well as many cities and castles in the South keep a Weirwood. House Manderly, Lords of White Harbor in the North is a good example of ethnic coexistence. Centuries ago, House Manderly was driven away from their lands in the Reach, they fled North and were welcomed by the Starks who gave them lands but they never abandoned the Faith of the Seven and are still Southerners.

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